treading in territories where each has the security of fully knowing the
other's capacities and fully knowing what comes next. So, the building of
trust and confidence are important. As the project proceeds, the inves-
tigator will know more than anyone else and will have to keep updating and
reorienting the sp eUsETe. They vill have to be able both to check and to
trust the investigator. Further, from the start and as the project moves
along, the investigator cannot help but recognize so much that he or she
does not know about the topic, about research technigue, about stan-

dards of publication, about what to include and what to leave out and

still keep up the fact and the appearance of full disclosure.

From the outset, doubt and skepticism and curiosity are essential
ingredients of inguiry and research. There is, however, the balancing of
too much and too little self-doubt and how the communication of either might
effect the relationship between researcher and sponsors. The know-it-all
Courts come-uppance., The non-communicator may anticipate a widening gap in
expectations. The overly-solicitous to communicate may use up capital.
And, the person too anxious about inadeguacies or too fearful about candid
exposure may seriously reduce interest and confidence in his or her capacity.
Ultimately, motivation and confidence on the part of researchers and sponsors
entail reciprocity. Each has to take positive measures or at least not

put out negative signals with regard to the other.

Summing Up a Dozen Difficulties

In sum and without being exhaustive, we have identified about a dozen
difficulties that might partly or fully explain why people can be confounded
in the early stages of research. Not much is known in a validated way about

the mental processes involved in the first stages. The fact is that problems

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