dimensions in good balance. For a doctoral candidate, it is assumed that
the initial choice will stretch existing capacity, that additional strengths
can be developed as the project proceeds and that the composition of the
steering committee plus consultations available to the committee will cover
contingencies. ln fact, the experienced chairman will see that the candidate
stretches the starting endowment but does not take on too much. These are
the ideal conditions for the academic side where rubrics have long been
available even though they break down. While there are enormous variations
for the doctoral candidate, the variations are probably greater in other
settings where the investigator is assumed not to be a neophyte and where
the majority of those who might be consumers are assumed not to be researchers.
The main point here, however, is that many of the guestions about scope
and plan for research, which are essential to get research started, also
serve the purpose of getting some reasonable match of topic, candidate and
committee in one case and a reasonable set of expectations for others.
Finally, for our present purpose, there are the many difficulties involved
in fear of exposure. Everything said so far adds to the possibility that
people not experienced in the world (or the many worlds) of research may
undergo what has been called "culture shock" in the area of international
travel. 'That is, being at a loss effectively to read and orient behavior to
various and differing social cues. FEntering into the world of research, if
it is a new and strange one, can also be disorienting if all the familiar
terms of reference (taken for granted or not even recognized) have suddenly
been removed or reordered. "The disorientation leads to feelings of inade-
guacy which may also lead to fear of exposing real or imagined shortcomings.

The reality is that neither the researcher nor the sponsors are

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