-" |tions, The endiresult will be: to give :
—— |jjemployees better: access:to the infor-i: šik:

nelig -Typically, text: <management applica:

»— |zAn approach prevalent among micro: s
s 'and LAN-based products is to manipu:.
>> | date text as it. resides in-its native envi:/'-

OE RASE IE ah

: | - dBASE IV," said William. Dreizler, a sys- "
sa teme analyst for Shel Oil Co. in Martinez, 1/1

ij | AshtonvTatej

učin 6
ME
ko:
ME sali
umrl
iza
kh
nami 5
m ia :
:
fan z
€
] z tp
pe nI ; s k
i. b BS
1 < ž 1
sm, 8, mi |
va 13

i
k
ud
- Nana h gove
l 8 ia f
di i | % ia ui
ih J F » 7 : ej 4 bli m z
m s Ja Ha R' he: y ii 1 i Pr 4.
h De" TEBI j
sk, : | ; kd kisi ; i
ane , t. hja, lota |
ra i ; me ta | - i k? ri 4 gi
ii | ina s ; M: di am — 4
ne MM PEEA S, nje ašeA |
H —. Ne dj A jal v a pal BoČ | pi V Kai
1 [ H x eki, - NJE 4 kugri j k, oči A z a UI aa Be
d | i H oki: sei dusag toni zai y zbali dai ab, - z 4h | nat ča g zasi vra za nan RE sali ae ( na NR če Miki VRE as ila za
Nad maše ve an Ee de Meji A nimata, Voj A Pe cia naj si NE a go... Mi Ze a Mi :
A a AE a a a a vi Ee radi kj" sn o R% zana Eni de EH ez ea ee UENH ee S a rJa počet rata s
PI NA PE a a V Me MI sli ga: ji PRSTNI | -. ne
pote, R so m s ane ni Pi GA per VDAN poi LUEK i red v vik, H 3 | . le ae ea L | —— gi - koč na ; '
Y A si i ki — tim. ; ke Pc di i - E <a F ni £ Ju; 4% i ; uje TRAP j4 pi s k i
IE ST Is iki ii šila zAaielest šk — ZE AE ž Maia RE Z č ud žo, ne Kai -
! k j m Pi s | d j B 1 m, H x i m j 4, oe Ba
pe" sj ba. 5 NE a uk; u 5 zač bike a sih
o taja, PI Pe RAČ, 4 sami xs z pe bebe za tubi ge a na š "li šk gat ea i o ZE
o at deo bi j z But! peč Sen Vi ki o a ad EEA.
| | mice pobi ha a VE, Na: HE zih Sto seja niš? Pia Rot ti bom, kai, | ej S aakiti KA, sna ič! š
: 4 rs? si ti s bele
sadi | p " h ši JE - Paša ze ma ij » Gi ni si
4 ha Tu kd La na Ži 3 aa rm rk de ze j Kra sa
sa bena si NE A štek Kosi em y žara si o Maki €, janje NM
a us Uči ka ja!
smi A — 4 piv j Š h ae
za "m J s HI i z ka KAL ske aa ce.
ia di k. |
Bank ma
Pan | :
Ma s
ih

to "artificial satellites that collect intel-
'ligence data for the CIA.

Another obstacle to inverted index-
ing is the massive storage capacity
needed for the text collection, which

" maintains pointers to every text item

— that contains a particular word; the
S word may appear once, twice or in a ti-
tle or footnote; unfortunately, the index |
' does not recognize the difi erentiation.

/ This technigue, ke IS similar to the:

% This is KZA št, ge: IA ubjeet 'heading indexing used by brani
m article in "card catalog to cross-index am
.a series om text" Vi čis labor-intensive and regulres input ;;

; hočš 7 iš
Vse š
m zal h
JE se A čb i B z z
[ji
v

si i
Pasje | "es The efficient ii
na ič ie Mi, storage, index-o3
ae eat mrbmia goine and catego-: s!
STA sirizing of text—
niš 4s1lA Process -ji; ri

; J porupeni such as-word-processing and i

PRE 'dictated by-either kERe or host"

va V Con from Faso 65 18H

m | demonstrated in its pre-beta: VŠEEE ani he mating at: Honeywell. je
Robi: Professional Compiler:.. looks! promising«: v firm in Plymouth; Minn.

"the Universite, of PRE ei in Little Rock. -
; ,aJong ti

4 z »"Between:. 40'and: 60. |

jes | — management "from an expert in the domain. Its ad-
a Re | no andits influ-.... ; vantage,is that, text,can be searched..
KW 1 1] Vjence.upon the '..- -easily, but the disadvantage: is the ap'/
i" poorporale envi-!. ;) vv propriate. keywords, need to be assigned.
u|zuronmeni.

li; SRE V

vz aimed.at, en-;:i'-1ic:

STRE search ni
gi 4 ški akiIj na and retrieval—::!
needs to. become! a priority at Corpora; ji!

MARTIN O

io

MINAMI: mobi

JED ROM as boki

; | ma,
ai ; SA šen ŠA |
uf ; 1 UMNO seg Vi NEMA
Kej
pli Ni i ee a et na

/ mainframe

ib

.mation redbired to gomplete. a:
project, ' igle:

-tions handle text. in.one of:two ways.

ba
i

HE S pira
ksa wiki A Nu a RA aj LA
Kle raji ok ia Leti pa
zi zs A pa oa k A mai

k ejmordi Index SER
'CDROM 2, 13, 31, Vo air —( ii
Melika. 51, 67; 72, 08 69 m
HPC 1, 116 138 918) MOO).OB

(The ote! Common sni management
style regui res all text to be reformat-'.::
ted into a proprietary. structure Hala is.

software. kžjijr Aa ZINI! B Rd:
For example, a. database-manage,

: raje Re
a zele
mr bod

|, | ment system (DBMS) relies'on key - a Sa |

> | 'felds for-access to: data i in, the data- Ii zla k ei ani REČE

Misja E Je: paci eže oe SAO O MA PARE O K mai,
—., | baseA DBMS automatically. generates BEE s oojibhahnoči
-. | an index based, on the key fields. ki Na a a EO, v: sskaskik oa
—— | 0 With textual information, however,i? d to the text. izi na veva

there are no key fields. Therefore, in-''- KU

: dexing technigues are freguently. ap- uč indexing, also known as full-text.'
plied to speed up.text retrieyal; gener-. , | indexing, which employs discrete wordst
-ally text can: be.indexed; either by... isto locate data. An inverted index is an.
ted list. zalphabetic list, of: all the words con": ;.:-
tained in the text collection with the ex: idi

' ment is, assigned freguently'used tE (,» ception of« "noise" words such as: noLJE
words that characterize, its Content- ;" os ag« and; and tne! K Tne inverted index:

' Another ene to: indexing' is in-

hiei 4 ini šaš

. With keyword indexing, each docu-.

zao gi]

nij

H redu
vj ei de:

Ka baš či. zav

pa Balm 4. W., mina
ita ni £. H
| sadnih heiji šola kivi lai torek.

zašij - z bl ' :
Č ;
5 Ji ii, man,

"a,

o m nameni: pri
an: electronics:
dka ri unesb6bra
Boaoarasnevuzakil > vacAshton'Tate has a elei dBASE..

systems analyst for:

k
dai

pral pelat bana
Charles .

6IY. versions running on Sun Microsystems: |.
ne; Si workstations, the Macintosh and.
"Developers ;have been walting for this forv! Digital Eguipment Corp' s VAX/VMS mini-
MAX V ea is? sicomputers.. It/ has 'promised. dBASE IV.
' Many corporate: evaluation! 'efforts: for » versions for'Xenix, The Santa Cruz Opera:
NE IV.1. z PNE DCEn, short one, ! tions Inc's Unix, 386 Unix and eventually,:
some. o": Windo x,
A Saerapje Re o s ka meče Presentation Manager

JsPaa šč, p AM

4

ar mere. izeljani: 'about, the,
- and kick off their upgrades tezav kev A |

perceni of. »OUr. sito

ji They are taking a:|
Sys- " TRIKA attitude PIL they commit:
nokia li to nosi nemo Y malim voila
PE RD je Pale Saav PE We dosupport1.1, but we're not recom:
8 osekindlR Ja user interest in," mending. that .anyone.'use .it'yet,". said.
a company's plan to offeriy Steve Cook, vice president, of Welcom Soft,; |
Verajona, on, many; platforma, . v.warel.CorD., a a. projeci-management ent; soft-i.|«
zbi rani Fi

K :] HLA, bot, "ware developer in Houston. "It's too early;

think Ashton Ta Tate will recover. its and there's abito£a bad taste after the 1.0
pa with mam detece? žnoo URAO po) XI

ta " 5, JA?
4 Mas k laj i ba

MK d.

2,Also helping to

di
i

l,

| downf all, It reguires users to be fluent
<in the vocabulary of the textual infor-

How Keyword and HEHE Indexing Differ

Keyword Indexing Selectively Retrieves a Narrower Group
9 Documents than the Full- Text Et ODRE oach

' Nelworked use Bol

ANTETEJ,

| iInyerted index.
CD ROM 2,13, 21, 31: KE 3,

zu ((Čartificial" OR machine): AND intel

h J
Ri a bed! rs

SADA cost: osti ' eš :

sions of. OS/2 and Windows...

could be 50 percent to 200 percent
more than what was needed for the
€ original text. Vendors of text-manage
"ment software, however, are ei
ing compression technigues to mini-
mize this overhead.
: Inyerted indexing does have its bene-
-, fits, however. Because the index is
automatically generated, there is no
need for an expert to review each of
the items in the text collection.
% Regardless,of the text-management
" medium, users need to examine the
" success factor,of a particular search.
While speed is an important issue, the
relevancy of the returned text items
"for the user is even more: critical. '

7 Ouickly returning 25 documents that...
7 must be reviewed for relevance is not .
, as efficient as returning six documents
| that all have a high probantity of be-. .
x zlog relevantia UIgotišegia PARE ovi
| This forces.users to word their gue-

' ries carefully, because the unpredict-

€ ability of retrieval—facing thousands .

"of documents to review or none at...

tali-can be a source of frustration.
Next week | will discuss how ven-

E dora are minimizing user frustrations

-with text retrieval. N,.,

Full-text indexing also has another:

RANI V Subjeci E
PO pupa) iš 4

bie. m si i

dai s
Te AE
ia

do Ga
Hi i

al

F zah sti a i.e tje $e
SOM EPA

de ba odif du
fs

PIGERI

učkak h
By: mi"
. z ba VIM Za J un" E- k
b | MAL IE al ca
pog? si - Mia li sa ji z; na
ad Pe TNE je
ti mi nedo
k ie,

14,4] ; s ZN
zietvorka 21, 51, 67, ,10, TO BI,A: Hi. .

-PE. 2,25,89,111,116,127,198 1421305

m The concepts in this article are de-
| "serwbed in a new volume, Text Man-'

j OE oni moč J na sem naka agemeni, of The James Martin Re-
vi SE a RTA NA SI AE ,.. port. Series. For more information

5 mation 'being searched, and to UndEn,
» stand Boolean logic .CAND,:OR, NOT. andij ij
— operators), Users also need to determine -
,.the relevancy. ofi retrieved text. For. ex: H
'. ample, the following search phrase -

"on this volume, call (800) 242. 1240
vor (617) 639-1958. For information .
-on seminars, contact Technology ...
(Transfer Institute, 741 10th St., San-
.,ta Monica, Calif.. 90402, (213) 394-
8305 (in the United States and Cana-.
ida), In Europe, contact. Savant, 2...
»New.St., Carnf' dom, ( Lancs., LA5 ORKA
us United Kingdom, 0524) 734 505...

MI Movia 9 Conrad T: Issue

ji sence) would locate documents per-.,
Si taining to "artificial, intelligence" as well
as kihose that PSE include a »reference

ai m: IF ši y
pI si pinasei

stičeka kej

If)

ii ipgi ge V

' x

MOJ UE ča og Ne
ucant share of the DOS zosme company,
—Celligan said. He declined to set, a date for
-the public delivery of Rational s DPMI 1.0-
»compliant product. -- |

: While Lotus 1 2331 adherea to the 0.9.
REVEN it should not have compati-
bility (problems with DPMI 1.0 because
;sthat versionisa superset o£ 0.9, ZE
to the DPMI committee's plans." ib

"va Phar Lap, the other principal player in
'tne DOS extender market, is aiming to ship

ii its DPMI 1.0 DOS extender during the first .

» part, of next year, according to Robert

Moote, vice president of the Cambridge

firm. As an interim solution, the company

' will ship a DOS extender that is compati-

»ble with Microsoft's HIGHMEM.SYS memo-

na 1ry driver, which will allow it to run under

e for.the DOS extender and DOS extend-. the 286 standard mode of Windows he

-er companies," said Terence Colligan, pres-.. said. ; /'.

ident of Rational Systems of Natick, Mass, ;! | "Ergo Computing Inc, a third DOS ex-
o Lotus, of Cambridge, Mass., was able.to '' 'tender. com ; intends to release its

-8et a jump. on its competitors. and work: DPMI 1.0 offering by the end of the year,

:with the DPMI 0.9:version of Rational's ; according to an official at the PER

'DOS extender because it owns a smili  Mass., firm.

kA

| ig Re,

| Page.65.,;

ir peš ithe; three: dcl of Win)
;dows. Windows 3.0. incorporates support, i: Et
ifor the preliminary..0.9.. version of the ':
-specification, and Microsoft, has commit-..
ted to building DPMI 1.0 into the next ver;
"Once the DPMI 1.0 ik ao is model
Doblic this fall, DPMI-compatible DOS-ex- :
tended applications will start to make:
(their way to market. Along with their abil-
ity to fully exploit Windows, these appli- ;
-cations will be highly portable: and will.
-also run under DOS, OS/2 2.0 and even in ..
the DOS S compatibility box of some Unix

Daj!

go 4
Fi

The D DPMI standard provides long-term.

p se - i
Y se J Pela be. J g' Pr E 2 oe,
"] i . ki m x zi k zej a rn aii k,
5 s - ps a mi Či
k Ka z a AME k š X eh Be. i a s pač: ag ke k; m v ee H . pe i Pe:
A A SEE NAME ke a NE č jao: ci RE K! V pet aii
OE AE eb rake ie Nek rad im Um. dla ! H lk a Li ' do :
PE a NE na ii Dietij k k k Mike a Je ea SE biera h s 7 Me ži s h Padli h Zima
re Š gi fis Pa. d h JE, :e: dai rimi me k k d k, paro.
LTE na a! a - Na Eh ii Me A o Na Sa - s
z a ni De IE le <, če MO la ee V; —. "Hi oda BI Ir" z škem d
j ka prEN ae peki Pd KJ Na ia Rilzič tea ne Zani hi ko rži si, a ani poe ge TE ae
ut ae ge per TE aleiaja NET ue nisi H medn ski k a S, ze ee, ONA a A Cu Be ščanja, doču' m. V gla Mea sa zal, Rose dj. emi nalij pa] -e se k aj nA pe em rni K a neč, mese a k nes m i čr iki
ne ii aa tet: te zo EP ANE pre odla — Je O a o a IA a ONI PM Ni ri ee a NE neza anje Hina 3 se sh Je AE ea me da Masa NE nale ae ji HI K IN SI AE A a a aaa ej A LEJ ni ee — STE, REČEM NETA, na eo Ee
5 na ŠE reja ša ui ; sie naga me nudi eli, Ee re a eo ie la a ei at aa task ke ae ii a di TH mi zaj vsi Taj; 4 ee, ' Ja PE RANE Na aa pr ! MESNE h še le a; niši , pina a, m: EP JA zi
sd i ide d ei ua Ze. be a bei H di Li J 4 k : 1 i — 1 | ž