-" |tions, The endiresult will be: to give : ââ |jjemployees better: access:to the infor-i: ĹĄik: nelig -Typically, text: <management applica: Âťâ |zAn approach prevalent among micro: s s 'and LAN-based products is to manipu:. >> | date text as it. resides in-its native envi:/'- OE RASE IE ah : | - dBASE IV," said William. Dreizler, a sys- " sa teme analyst for Shel Oil Co. in Martinez, 1/1 ij | AshtonvTatej uÄin 6 ME ko: ME sali umrl iza kh nami 5 m ia : : fan z ⏠] z tp pe nI ; s k i. b BS 1 < Ĺž 1 sm, 8, mi | va 13 i k ud - Nana h gove l 8 ia f di i | % ia ui ih J F Âť 7 : ej 4 bli m z m s Ja Ha R' he: y ii 1 i Pr 4. h De" TEBI j sk, : | ; kd kisi ; i ane , t. hja, lota | ra i ; me ta | - i k? ri 4 gi ii | ina s ; M: di am â 4 ne MM PEEA S, nje aĹĄeA | H â. Ne dj A jal v a pal BoÄ | pi V Kai 1 [ H x eki, - NJE 4 kugri j k, oÄi A z a UI aa Be d | i H oki: sei dusag toni zai y zbali dai ab, - z 4h | nat Äa g zasi vra za nan RE sali ae ( na NR Äe Miki VRE as ila za Nad maĹĄe ve an Ee de Meji A nimata, Voj A Pe cia naj si NE a go... Mi Ze a Mi : A a AE a a a a vi Ee radi kj" sn o R% zana Eni de EH ez ea ee UENH ee S a rJa poÄet rata s PI NA PE a a V Me MI sli ga: ji PRSTNI | -. ne pote, R so m s ane ni Pi GA per VDAN poi LUEK i red v vik, H 3 | . le ae ea L | ââ gi - koÄ na ; ' Y A si i ki â tim. ; ke Pc di i - E <a F ni ÂŁ Ju; 4% i ; uje TRAP j4 pi s k i IE ST Is iki ii ĹĄila zAaielest ĹĄk â ZE AE Ĺž Maia RE Z Ä ud Ĺžo, ne Kai - ! k j m Pi s | d j B 1 m, H x i m j 4, oe Ba pe" sj ba. 5 NE a uk; u 5 zaÄ bike a sih o taja, PI Pe RAÄ, 4 sami xs z pe bebe za tubi ge a na ĹĄ "li ĹĄk gat ea i o ZE o at deo bi j z But! peÄ Sen Vi ki o a ad EEA. | | mice pobi ha a VE, Na: HE zih Sto seja niĹĄ? Pia Rot ti bom, kai, | ej S aakiti KA, sna iÄ! ĹĄ : 4 rs? si ti s bele sadi | p " h ĹĄi JE - PaĹĄa ze ma ij Âť Gi ni si 4 ha Tu kd La na Ĺ˝i 3 aa rm rk de ze j Kra sa sa bena si NE A ĹĄtek Kosi em y Ĺžara si o Maki âŹ, janje NM a us UÄi ka ja! smi A â 4 piv j Ĺ h ae za "m J s HI i z ka KAL ske aa ce. ia di k. | Bank ma Pan | : Ma s ih to "artificial satellites that collect intel- 'ligence data for the CIA. Another obstacle to inverted index- ing is the massive storage capacity needed for the text collection, which " maintains pointers to every text item â that contains a particular word; the S word may appear once, twice or in a ti- tle or footnote; unfortunately, the index | ' does not recognize the difi erentiation. / This technigue, ke IS similar to the: % This is KZA ĹĄt, ge: IA ubjeet 'heading indexing used by brani m article in "card catalog to cross-index am .a series om text" Vi Äis labor-intensive and regulres input ;; ; hoÄĹĄ 7 iĹĄ Vse ĹĄ m zal h JE se A Äb i B z z [ji v si i Pasje | "es The efficient ii na iÄ ie Mi, storage, index-o3 ae eat mrbmia goine and catego-: s! STA sirizing of textâ niĹĄ 4s1lA Process -ji; ri ; J porupeni such as-word-processing and i PRE 'dictated by-either kERe or host" va V Con from Faso 65 18H m | demonstrated in its pre-beta: VĹ EEE ani he mating at: Honeywell. je Robi: Professional Compiler:.. looks! promisingÂŤ: v firm in Plymouth; Minn. "the Universite, of PRE ei in Little Rock. - ; ,aJong ti 4 z Âť"Between:. 40'and: 60. | jes | â management "from an expert in the domain. Its ad- a Re | no andits influ-.... ; vantage,is that, text,can be searched.. KW 1 1] Vjence.upon the '..- -easily, but the disadvantage: is the ap'/ i" poorporale envi-!. ;) vv propriate. keywords, need to be assigned. u|zuronmeni. li; SRE V vz aimed.at, en-;:i'-1ic: STRE search ni gi 4 ĹĄki akiIj na and retrievalâ::! needs to. become! a priority at Corpora; ji! MARTIN O io MINAMI: mobi JED ROM as boki ; | ma, ai ; SA ĹĄen Ĺ A | uf ; 1 UMNO seg Vi NEMA Kej pli Ni i ee a et na / mainframe ib .mation redbired to gomplete. a: project, ' igle: -tions handle text. in.one of:two ways. ba i HE S pira ksa wiki A Nu a RA aj LA Kle raji ok ia Leti pa zi zs A pa oa k A mai k ejmordi Index SER 'CDROM 2, 13, 31, Vo air â( ii Melika. 51, 67; 72, 08 69 m HPC 1, 116 138 918) MOO).OB (The ote! Common sni management style regui res all text to be reformat-'.:: ted into a proprietary. structure Hala is. software. kĹžjijr Aa ZINI! B Rd: For example, a. database-manage, : raje Re a zele mr bod |, | ment system (DBMS) relies'on key - a Sa | > | 'felds for-access to: data i in, the data- Ii zla k ei ani REÄE Misja E Je: paci eĹže oe SAO O MA PARE O K mai, â., | baseA DBMS automatically. generates BEE s oojibhahnoÄi -. | an index based, on the key fields. ki Na a a EO, v: sskaskik oa ââ | 0 With textual information, however,i? d to the text. izi na veva there are no key fields. Therefore, in-''- KU : dexing technigues are freguently. ap- uÄ indexing, also known as full-text.' plied to speed up.text retrieyal; gener-. , | indexing, which employs discrete wordst -ally text can: be.indexed; either by... isto locate data. An inverted index is an. ted list. zalphabetic list, of: all the words con": ;.:- tained in the text collection with the ex: idi ' ment is, assigned freguently'used tE (,Âť ception ofÂŤ "noise" words such as: noLJE words that characterize, its Content- ;" os agÂŤ and; and tne! K Tne inverted index: ' Another ene to: indexing' is in- hiei 4 ini ĹĄaĹĄ . With keyword indexing, each docu-. zao gi] nij H redu vj ei de: Ka baĹĄ Äi. zav pa Balm 4. W., mina ita ni ÂŁ. H | sadnih heiji ĹĄola kivi lai torek. zaĹĄij - z bl ' : Ä ; 5 Ji ii, man, "a, o m nameni: pri an: electronics: dka ri unesb6bra Boaoarasnevuzakil > vacAshton'Tate has a elei dBASE.. systems analyst for: k dai pral pelat bana Charles . 6IY. versions running on Sun Microsystems: |. ne; Si workstations, the Macintosh and. "Developers ;have been walting for this forv! Digital Eguipment Corp' s VAX/VMS mini- MAX V ea is? sicomputers.. It/ has 'promised. dBASE IV. ' Many corporate: evaluation! 'efforts: for Âť versions for'Xenix, The Santa Cruz Opera: NE IV.1. z PNE DCEn, short one, ! tions Inc's Unix, 386 Unix and eventually,: some. o": Windo x, A Saerapje Re o s ka meÄe Presentation Manager JsPaa ĹĄÄ, p AM 4 ar mere. izeljani: 'about, the, - and kick off their upgrades tezav kev A | perceni of. ÂťOUr. sito ji They are taking a:| Sys- " TRIKA attitude PIL they commit: nokia li to nosi nemo Y malim voila PE RD je Pale Saav PE We dosupport1.1, but we're not recom: 8 osekindlR Ja user interest in," mending. that .anyone.'use .it'yet,". said. a company's plan to offeriy Steve Cook, vice president, of Welcom Soft,; | Verajona, on, many; platforma, . v.warel.CorD., a a. projeci-management ent; soft-i.|ÂŤ zbi rani Fi K :] HLA, bot, "ware developer in Houston. "It's too early; think Ashton Ta Tate will recover. its and there's abitoÂŁa bad taste after the 1.0 pa with mam detece? Ĺžnoo URAO po) XI ta " 5, JA? 4 Mas k laj i ba MK d. 2,Also helping to di i l, | downf all, It reguires users to be fluent <in the vocabulary of the textual infor- How Keyword and HEHE Indexing Differ Keyword Indexing Selectively Retrieves a Narrower Group 9 Documents than the Full- Text Et ODRE oach ' Nelworked use Bol ANTETEJ, | iInyerted index. CD ROM 2,13, 21, 31: KE 3, zu ((Äartificial" OR machine): AND intel h J Ri a bed! rs SADA cost: osti ' eĹĄ : sions of. OS/2 and Windows... could be 50 percent to 200 percent more than what was needed for the ⏠original text. Vendors of text-manage "ment software, however, are ei ing compression technigues to mini- mize this overhead. : Inyerted indexing does have its bene- -, fits, however. Because the index is automatically generated, there is no need for an expert to review each of the items in the text collection. % Regardless,of the text-management " medium, users need to examine the " success factor,of a particular search. While speed is an important issue, the relevancy of the returned text items "for the user is even more: critical. ' 7 Ouickly returning 25 documents that... 7 must be reviewed for relevance is not . , as efficient as returning six documents | that all have a high probantity of be-. . x zlog relevantia UIgotiĹĄegia PARE ovi | This forces.users to word their gue- ' ries carefully, because the unpredict- ⏠ability of retrievalâfacing thousands . "of documents to review or none at... tali-can be a source of frustration. Next week | will discuss how ven- E dora are minimizing user frustrations -with text retrieval. N,., Full-text indexing also has another: RANI V Subjeci E PO pupa) iĹĄ 4 bie. m si i dai s Te AE ia do Ga Hi i al F zah sti a i.e tje $e SOM EPA de ba odif du fs PIGERI uÄkak h By: mi" . z ba VIM Za J un" E- k b | MAL IE al ca pog? si - Mia li sa ji z; na ad Pe TNE je ti mi nedo k ie, 14,4] ; s ZN zietvorka 21, 51, 67, ,10, TO BI,A: Hi. . -PE. 2,25,89,111,116,127,198 1421305 m The concepts in this article are de- | "serwbed in a new volume, Text Man-' j OE oni moÄ J na sem naka agemeni, of The James Martin Re- vi SE a RTA NA SI AE ,.. port. Series. For more information 5 mation 'being searched, and to UndEn, Âť stand Boolean logic .CAND,:OR, NOT. andij ij â operators), Users also need to determine - ,.the relevancy. ofi retrieved text. For. ex: H '. ample, the following search phrase - "on this volume, call (800) 242. 1240 vor (617) 639-1958. For information . -on seminars, contact Technology ... (Transfer Institute, 741 10th St., San- .,ta Monica, Calif.. 90402, (213) 394- 8305 (in the United States and Cana-. ida), In Europe, contact. Savant, 2... ÂťNew.St., Carnf' dom, ( Lancs., LA5 ORKA us United Kingdom, 0524) 734 505... MI Movia 9 Conrad T: Issue ji sence) would locate documents per-., Si taining to "artificial, intelligence" as well as kihose that PSE include a Âťreference ai m: IF ĹĄi y pI si pinasei stiÄeka kej If) ii ipgi ge V ' x MOJ UE Äa og Ne ucant share of the DOS zosme company, âCelligan said. He declined to set, a date for -the public delivery of Rational s DPMI 1.0- Âťcompliant product. -- | : While Lotus 1 2331 adherea to the 0.9. REVEN it should not have compati- bility (problems with DPMI 1.0 because ;sthat versionisa superset oÂŁ 0.9, ZE to the DPMI committee's plans." ib "va Phar Lap, the other principal player in 'tne DOS extender market, is aiming to ship ii its DPMI 1.0 DOS extender during the first . Âť part, of next year, according to Robert Moote, vice president of the Cambridge firm. As an interim solution, the company ' will ship a DOS extender that is compati- Âťble with Microsoft's HIGHMEM.SYS memo- na 1ry driver, which will allow it to run under e for.the DOS extender and DOS extend-. the 286 standard mode of Windows he -er companies," said Terence Colligan, pres-.. said. ; /'. ident of Rational Systems of Natick, Mass, ;! | "Ergo Computing Inc, a third DOS ex- o Lotus, of Cambridge, Mass., was able.to '' 'tender. com ; intends to release its -8et a jump. on its competitors. and work: DPMI 1.0 offering by the end of the year, :with the DPMI 0.9:version of Rational's ; according to an official at the PER 'DOS extender because it owns a smili Mass., firm. kA | ig Re, | Page.65.,; ir peĹĄ ithe; three: dcl of Win) ;dows. Windows 3.0. incorporates support, i: Et ifor the preliminary..0.9.. version of the ': -specification, and Microsoft, has commit-.. ted to building DPMI 1.0 into the next ver; "Once the DPMI 1.0 ik ao is model Doblic this fall, DPMI-compatible DOS-ex- : tended applications will start to make: (their way to market. Along with their abil- ity to fully exploit Windows, these appli- ; -cations will be highly portable: and will. -also run under DOS, OS/2 2.0 and even in .. the DOS S compatibility box of some Unix Daj! go 4 Fi The D DPMI standard provides long-term. p se - i Y se J Pela be. J g' Pr E 2 oe, "] i . ki m x zi k zej a rn aii k, 5 s - ps a mi Äi k Ka z a AME k ĹĄ X eh Be. i a s paÄ: ag ke k; m v ee H . pe i Pe: A A SEE NAME ke a NE Ä jao: ci RE K! V pet aii OE AE eb rake ie Nek rad im Um. dla ! H lk a Li ' do : PE a NE na ii Dietij k k k Mike a Je ea SE biera h s 7 Me Ĺži s h Padli h Zima re Ĺ gi fis Pa. d h JE, :e: dai rimi me k k d k, paro. LTE na a! a - Na Eh ii Me A o Na Sa - s z a ni De IE le <, Äe MO la ee V; â. "Hi oda BI Ir" z ĹĄkem d j ka prEN ae peki Pd KJ Na ia RilziÄ tea ne Zani hi ko rĹži si, a ani poe ge TE ae ut ae ge per TE aleiaja NET ue nisi H medn ski k a S, ze ee, ONA a A Cu Be ĹĄÄanja, doÄu' m. V gla Mea sa zal, Rose dj. emi nalij pa] -e se k aj nA pe em rni K a neÄ, mese a k nes m i Är iki ne ii aa tet: te zo EP ANE pre odla â Je O a o a IA a ONI PM Ni ri ee a NE neza anje Hina 3 se sh Je AE ea me da Masa NE nale ae ji HI K IN SI AE A a a aaa ej A LEJ ni ee â STE, REÄEM NETA, na eo Ee 5 na Ĺ E reja ĹĄa ui ; sie naga me nudi eli, Ee re a eo ie la a ei at aa task ke ae ii a di TH mi zaj vsi Taj; 4 ee, ' Ja PE RANE Na aa pr ! MESNE h ĹĄe le a; niĹĄi , pina a, m: EP JA zi sd i ide d ei ua Ze. be a bei H di Li J 4 k : 1 i â 1 | Ĺž